HAZOPS - Hazard & Operability Studies - Description and Methodology

<BODY> <H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT COLOR="#000080">HAZARD & OPERABILITY STUDIES (HAZOPS)</FONT><BR> </H2> <P ALIGN="CENTER">Mike Lihou - Lihou Technical & Software Services</P> <P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE="-1">Click on the <A HREF="hazop1.htm" TARGET="_top">INTRODUCTION</A> link to read from the beginning, or on an index entry to go directly to that section.</FONT></P> <P ALIGN="LEFT"> </P> <H3><FONT COLOR="#0000A0">CONTENTS</FONT></H3> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm" TARGET="_top">INTRODUCTION</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">General concept, usage and terminology </FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#operability" TARGET="_top">Potential Hazard AND Operability Problems</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Improved Operability - an important benefit of Hazop Studies</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#design_intent" TARGET="_top">Deviation from design intent</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Explanation of basic Hazop Study terminology</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#industries" TARGET="_top">Industries in which the technique is employed</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">The origin of the technique, and some of the industries in which Hazops are employed</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#widespread" TARGET="_top">The reasons for such widespread use of Hazops</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">How the Hazop technique complements and extends existing design practices</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#concept" TARGET="_top">THE BASIC CONCEPT</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Systematic analysis that encourages use of imagination</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#keywords" TARGET="_top">Keywords</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">A unique and essential aspect of the Hazop Study methodology</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#primary" TARGET="_top">Primary Keywords</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">What they represent - Examples of process and operationally oriented keywords</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#secondary" TARGET="_top">Secondary Keywords</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Used in combination with Primary Keywords - Examples - Meanings - Relevance</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#methodology" TARGET="_top">HAZOP STUDY METHODOLOGY</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Information recorded - The Hazop Review Procedure - Recording Styles</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#methodology" TARGET="_top">Information to be Recorded</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Layout of a typical Hazop Study recording sheet</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#deviation" TARGET="_top">Deviation</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Essentially, the combination of Keywords</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#cause" TARGET="_top">Cause</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Example of a Cause</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#consequence" TARGET="_top">Consequence</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Important aspects to bear in mind when assessing and recording the Consequence</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#safeguards" TARGET="_top">Safeguards</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">What to consider when identifying Safeguards</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#action" TARGET="_top">Action</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Types of Actions - Important points to take into account when formulating an Action</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#procedure" TARGET="_top">The Hazop Procedure</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Flow Diagram illustrating the systematic and iterative Hazop Study process</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop1.htm#recording" TARGET="_top">Full Recording versus Recording by Exception</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Describes two styles of recording Hazop information</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#hazop_team" TARGET="_top">THE HAZOP TEAM</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Ideal number of members - Composition of the study team</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#preparation" TARGET="_top">PREPARATORY WORK</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">The importance of preparation</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#assemble" TARGET="_top">Assemble the data</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Typical documentation required for a Hazop Study</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#understand" TARGET="_top">Understand the subject</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">An essential aspect, the foundation upon which successful preparation is based</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#subdivide" TARGET="_top">Subdivide the plant and plan the sequence</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Guidelines for Noding and planning the order of study</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#mark" TARGET="_top">Mark the drawings</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Colour-coding of Nodes</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#keyword_list" TARGET="_top">Devise a list of appropriate Keywords</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Building a comprehensive but concise Hazop keyword list</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#headings" TARGET="_top">Prepare Node Headings and Agenda</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Information to include in Node Headings, and the importance of an Agenda</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#timetable" TARGET="_top">Prepare a timetable</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Guidelines for planning a timetable, and its importance during lengthy Hazop Studies</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#select_team" TARGET="_top">Select the team</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Core and part-time Hazop Study team members</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#run_hazop_study" TARGET="_top">RUNNING A HAZOP STUDY</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Guidelines for leading an efficient, comprehensive and successful Hazop Study</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#the_report" TARGET="_top">THE REPORT</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">The importance of the Hazop Study Report - Information and documentation to be included</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="55%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="hazop2.htm#action_file" TARGET="_top">THE ACTION FILE AND REVIEW MEETINGS</A></TD> <TD WIDTH="45%" VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Maintaining an Action File throughout the Review process</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE="-1"><FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="index.html" TARGET="_top">Home</A></FONT> | <FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="history.htm" TARGET="_top">Development history</A></FONT> | <FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="ovrvw1.htm" TARGET="_top">Program overview</A></FONT> | <FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="featurs1.htm" TARGET="_top">Features & facilities</A></FONT> | <FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="demo.htm" TARGET="_top">Demonstration program</A></FONT> | <FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="update.htm" TARGET="_top">Program maintenance updates</A></FONT> | <FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="contact.htm" TARGET="_top">Contact information</A></FONT> | <FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><A HREF="sitemap.htm" TARGET="_top">Site map</A> </FONT></FONT></P> </BODY>